Mississippi Floods and Incarceration

This project studies how the great Mississippi River floods of 1922 and 1927 affected incarceration in the states bordering the river. The floods displaced hundreds of thousands of people, disrupted labor markets, and in some places were followed by coercive labor and policing regimes; we ask whether and how this shows up in prison and jail populations. Students will build the project's primary outcome data by transcribing historical prison and jail records and by scraping digitized state and county sources into machine-readable form. The role includes constructing and testing scrapers, transcribing tabular records accurately, cleaning and validating the resulting data, and documenting sources so results can be replicated. Students meet regularly with the project director to review progress and troubleshoot.

Essay prompt: In a few paragraphs, tell us why this project interests you and describe any relevant experience with data collection, web scraping, or historical documents. Tell us honestly what you already know and what you would want to learn.

Name of research group, project, or lab
Global History of Punishment Project (Clegg Umass, Usmani Harvard)
Why participate in this opportunity?

Incarceration research is often limited by the absence of good historical data; on this project you help create it. Students get practical training in web scraping and data pipeline work alongside archival transcription — an unusual combination that is directly useful for empirical social science, data analysis roles, and graduate study. The work connects to an ongoing book project on the origins of mass incarceration, and strong contributors may extend the work into an honors thesis and will be acknowledged in resulting publications.

Logistics Information:
Field(s) of Study
Computer Science
Criminology
Data Science
Economics
History
Legal Studies
Sociology
Student ranks applicable
Freshman
Sophomore
Junior
Senior
Open to Honors Thesis Work
Student qualifications

Accuracy and persistence with repetitive detailed work. Some experience reading historical handwriting is helpful. Prior experience with web scraping (Python or R) is a plus but not required — willingness to learn is enough. Comfort with spreadsheets expected.

Time commitment
8-10 h/wk
Position Types and Compensation
Unpaid - Volunteer
Number of openings
2
Techniques learned

Web scraping in Python or R; transcription of historical tabular records; data cleaning, validation, and reconciliation across sources; building panel datasets from archival material; reproducible documentation of data provenance.

Project start
Fall 2026 semester
Contact Information:
Mentor
jjclegg@umass.edu
Assistant Professor
Name of project director or principal investigator
John Clegg
Email address of project director or principal investigator
jjclegg@umass.edu
2 sp. | 30 appl.
Time commitment
8-10 h/wk
Field(s) of Study
History (+6)
Computer ScienceCriminologyData ScienceEconomicsHistoryLegal StudiesSociology